One of the most deadly forms of skin cancer is called Melanoma which develops in the cells that produce melanin (the pigment that gives the skin color.)
The number of cases of melanoma is on the rise; although it makes up the lowest percentage of skin cancer, it does cause the largest number of deaths. This is due to the fact that it can spread to different areas of the body.
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight, tanning lamps and tanning beds increases the risk of developing melanoma although the precise cause is unclear.
Knowing the warning signs of skin cancer and avoiding sun exposure can help to prevent melanomas making sure that cancerous changes are discovered and treated before they have a chance to spread. If caught early it can be treated successfully.
Signs and Symptoms
Although melanomas can grow anywhere on the body, they do usually grow in areas that have been exposed to the sun, for example the arms, legs, back, and face. However, melanoma has been known to grow in areas that do not receive much sun exposure such as the palms, hands, fingernail beds and soles of the feet.
The changing of an existing mole or the growth of a new unusual looking growth on the skin is usually the first sign of melanoma.
Moles
Most people have from ten to forty moles which are usually developed before the age of twenty. Some moles may change over time, while some have been known to disappear with age.
- Moles that are likely to become cancerous are those that are more than twelve millimeters or half an inch in diameter.
- Look for flat moles with uneven borders and a mixture of color.
- The medical name for these moles is “dysphasic nevi” and they are more likely to be malignant.
The American Academy of Dermatology has developed an ABCD guide for listing the characteristic of unusual moles that may indicate melanoma or other skin cancers.
A – Asymmetrical shapes (moles of irregular shape ones with different looking halves)
B – Irregular border (moles that have irregular, scalloped or notched borders)
C – Changes in colour (moles that consist of many colours or uneven distribution of colour)
D – Diameter (a mole that is larger than six millimeters or quarter of an inch.
Other changes to have checked include:
- Itching
- Change in texture
- Scaling
- Spreading of pigment
- Bleeding.
Risk Factors
Fair skin people usually have less pigment in the skin which means they have less protection from UV rays.
Blond or red haired, light eyed people who burn easily in the sun are more likely to develop melanoma than those with darker complexions.
It is however important for those with dark complexions including black and Hispanic to be aware and to take precaution against UV rays since they usually have melanoma diagnosed in the later stage when lesions are deeper and more advanced. Other cautionary signs:
- History of sunburns – people who burn easily
- Excessive sun exposure – to UV rays
- Weakened immune system
- Exposure to the following substances – wood preservative, creosote, coal tar, arsenic compounds found in pesticides and radium.
- Rare genetic disorder – xeroderma pigmentosum
Skin Cancer Screening
- Ask the doctor to make a skin examination part of the yearly physical check-up.
- Monthly self exams to become familiar with the moles, freckles and skin marks so that changes are noticed quickly.
For more information: Please visit the websites of the following organizations:
The American Cancer Organization
“Disclaimer” The information provided in this article is for general knowledge only. I am not a medical expert. Neither Suite101 nor myself are liable for any errors or omission and any consequences thereof. Please check with your health care provider with any questions or health concerns.
